Ferrying freight

While passenger services have seen dramatic improvements, China's railway network is also revolutionizing global trade. A notable milestone was achieved on Dec 3 when freight train X8083 — carrying goods such as electronics, home appliances, auto parts and daily necessities — arrived in Duisburg, Germany, marking the 100,000th journey between China and Europe. The train, which departed from Chongqing on Nov 15, took 18 days to reach the German city.

As a cornerstone of the Belt and Road Initiative, the China-Europe freight train has evolved into a critical link for trade and connectivity, fostering open cooperation, mutual benefit and economic integration among the countries along the route.

In 2024, the service hit a significant benchmark with 19,000 China-Europe freight trains operated, transporting 2.07 million containers — an increase of 10 percent and 9 percent, respectively, compared to the previous year.

Since launching in 2011, the service has transformed global trade by enhancing connectivity between China and Europe. It has maintained a strong track record for safety, stability and efficiency, making it an indispensable component of the international logistics network.

Li Chao, deputy director of the Policy Research Office of China's National Development and Reform Commission, said: "The China-Europe freight train service is a vital carrier of open cooperation, fostering mutual benefit and supporting the Belt and Road Initiative. It provides a new, all-weather, high-capacity, green and low-carbon transport route that has become a valuable international public good."

The service is notably less affected by natural environmental factors, offering higher reliability compared to other forms of transportation. With costs just one-fifth of air freight and transit times a quarter of sea transport, the freight train has become a preferred choice for many businesses. In 2023, it accounted for over 7 percent of the total trade between China and Europe.

Over the past 13 years, the network has expanded rapidly, growing from a handful of routes into a comprehensive service covering most of the Eurasian region. Today, it connects 227 cities in 25 European countries, 100 cities in 11 Asian countries, and is continually expanding. This broadening network has significantly transformed the logistics landscape between China and Europe, offering businesses more efficient options across diverse regions.

The range of goods transported via the China-Europe freight train is also diversifying. It now handles over 50,000 types of goods across 53 categories, including automobiles, machinery, electronics and epidemic prevention materials, according to China State Railway Group, the service's operator.

The rail service has benefitted both Chinese and international consumers and businesses. For example, Zhejiang Mundiver Import & Export, a company engaged in trade with Spain, has seen significant improvements in its logistics operations. Since 2014, when the China-Europe freight train began operating from Yiwu, Zhejiang province, the company has been using the service to import goods from Europe.

Kong Zhijian, the company's marketing manager, said: "Before the rail service, we relied on sea transport, which took about 45 days and required a secondary transfer at Ningbo Port. Now, goods can be delivered directly to Yiwu from Europe in less than 20 days."

The faster transit time has helped streamline their business operations, particularly with products like wine. "This shorter shipping cycle helps us manage cash flow more effectively, which is crucial for our business," Kong added.

The impact of the rail service extends beyond China. It has also brought significant economic benefits to cities along the route. For instance, Duisburg Port has become a major logistics hub, attracting over 100 logistics companies and creating more than 20,000 jobs.

The progress of railways has always been driven by technology and innovation. In this regard, China also made remarkable strides in 2024, with faster trains now on track.